I think about SharePoint in the following terms (YMMV):
SharePoint at its core is web-based file sharing. Conventional LAN file
shares have some major drawbacks: you have to be on the LAN to access them,
and it's difficult to include and utilize metadata. and. SharePoint began
by addressing these two issues. [Today's SharePoint also includes document
management features like global search and workflow.]
If you ask, "Why do people share files?", the short answer is, "They're
collaborating". So SharePoint includes collaboration features like
check-out/check-in, announcements, calendars, and discussions. This is the
basis of the "teamsites".
It is common in today's project-oriented workplace for people to work on
several project teams. Some integrated view of multiple teamsites is
needed, so SharePoint includes portal features like MySite. [Today's
SharePoint also includes "social" features like "Colleague Tracker".]
Now that SharePoint is collecting all those eyeballs, it becomes attractive
as a business application platform. Data views, Business Data Connector,
Key Performance Indicators, and so on follow.
With so much web-based business function co-located on the SharePoint
platform, it is also attractive to integrate content management; hence the
Publishing feature.
So you can consider SharePoint an integrated suite of web-based applications
for file sharing, collaboration, business information, and publishing. If
all you need is file-sharing, there are simpler alternatives.
Alex is exactly right: details are king. The problem is that the details
of the work that people need to do are often hidden from the person who
makes the decisions about what platform they will use.