So, worst case scenario, you could uninstall the offending server from
the farm, and then re-add it. We have had this happen and could not find
resolution.
First steps we took to solve the problem, because they sometimes work,
were:
Check for hung timer jobs (content deployment hangs are common)
Check service permissions and status
Try psconfig.exe -cmd secureresources to check for registry and/or file
system permissions issues
Try loading the latest service pack
Tried psconfig.exe -cmd services install (just to be sure everything is
intact)
And as a complete guess, but easy to do, I might re-run psconfig.exe
-cmd installfeatures
A softie on here might have a better route. You did check your trace
logs, right? Event logs? Be careful uninstalling your server from the
farm because you lose many things, including (but not limited to) SSL
certs, inetpub and web.config, assigned IPs, multiple host headers...