Your question should really be "What can't the CEWP do?". ;
Basically, the Web Part was designed to add HTML to a Web Part Page.
This gives you the ability to add any kind of static text that you want
in any format that you want. What I discovered was that although you
cannot have a <Form> tag lots of other tags are also supported.
So, you CAN have <script> tags and you CAN have <style> tags. This opens
up a world of opportunity to apply CSS and JavaScript to the page to
effect how the page renders. Since these technologies cascade (use the
attributes scoped closest to the rendering) and the CEWP is placed on
the page AFTER all other CSS and JavaScript are defined, you can have
significant client-side impact on nearly every aspect of the page.